Complete Analysis Of Chlorine Mediated Cascade Reaction in Titanium Anode Plates

Complete Analysis of Chlorine Mediated Cascade Reaction in Titanium Anode Plates

Electrocatalytically, the Ti anode executes a "chlorine-mediated reactive-oxygen cascade" in pool water. The RuO₂–IrO₂ film is metallic (carrier density 10²¹ cm⁻³) with a d-band centre at –1.8 eV that matches the Cl⁻/Cl₂ redox level; the Tafel slope for chlorine evolution is only 38 mV dec⁻¹ versus 120 mV dec⁻¹ for oxygen, ensuring high selectivity. Electro-generated Cl₂ hydrolyses to HOCl/OCl⁻, which react with natural organic matter to form mono- and dichloramines whose half-lives are 3–5× longer than free chlorine, maintaining 0.3–0.5 mg L⁻¹ residual at pipe ends. HOCl also absorbs 290 nm sunlight, photolysing to ·OH at a steady-state 10⁻¹⁴ M, synergistically inactivating chlorine-resistant Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts.

The plate-and-frame cell has 3 mm electrode gap, 0.8 s hydraulic residence, Re = 3500, preventing CaSO₄·2H₂O scaling. High-frequency PWM control keeps the anode potential below 1.6 V vs. RHE, suppressing chlorate; outlet ClO₃⁻ is < 0.02 mg L⁻¹, well below the WHO guideline of 0.7 mg L⁻¹.

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